pine（用于访问电子邮件和新闻组的程序）_语法_示例_Unix&Linux命令

在类似Unix的操作系统上，pine是用于访问电子邮件和新闻组的程序。

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Linux

pine是一种面向屏幕的消息处理工具。在其默认配置中，pine提供了专门针对新手的有限功能集，但它的可选高级用户和个人偏好功能列表也不断增加。pine的基本功能集包括：

查看，保存，导出，删除，打印，回复和转发消息。
使用自动换行和拼写检查器在简单的编辑器（pico）中编写消息。消息可能会推迟到以后完成。
全屏选择和管理邮件文件夹。
通讯簿可保存长地址或常用地址的列表。可以定义个人分发列表。地址可以从传入的邮件中放入地址簿，而无需重新输入。
新邮件检查和通知会自动发生。
上下文相关的帮助屏幕。

pine支持MIME（多用途Internet邮件扩展），它是一种Internet标准，用于表示电子邮件中的多部分和多媒体数据。pine允许您将MIME对象保存到文件中，并且在某些情况下，还可以启动正确的程序来查看该对象。它使用系统的mailcap配置文件来确定哪些程序可以处理特定的MIME对象类型。pine的消息编写器本身不具有多媒体功能，但是可以将任何类型的数据文件（包括多媒体）附加到文本消息中，并使用MIME的编码规则进行发送。这允许具有MIME功能的邮件软件的任何个人通过Internet电子邮件交换格式化的文档，电子表格，图像文件等。

pine使用“ c-client”消息传递API来访问本地和远程邮件文件夹。该库提供了各种低级消息处理功能，包括使用IMAP（Internet消息访问协议）和NNTP（网络新闻）访问各种不同邮件文件格式的驱动程序，以及访问远程邮件和新闻服务器的例程。传输协议）。外发邮件通常会移交给sendmail程序，但可以选择直接通过SMTP发布。

pine is a screen-oriented message-handling tool. In its default configuration, pine offers an intentionally limited set of functions geared toward the novice user, but it also has a growing list of optional power-user and personal-preference features. pine's basic feature set includes:

View, Save, Export, Delete, Print, Reply and Forward messages.
Compose messages in a simple editor (pico) with word-wrap and a spelling checker. Messages may be postponed for later completion.
Full-screen selection and management of message folders.
Address book to keep a list of long or frequently-used addresses. Personal distribution lists may be defined. Addresses may be taken into the address book from incoming mail without retyping them.
New mail checking and notification occurs automatically.
Context-sensitive help screens.

pine supports MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions), an Internet Standard for representing multipart and multimedia data in email. pine allows you to save MIME objects to files, and in some cases, can also initiate the correct program for viewing the object. It uses the system's mailcap configuration file to determine what program can process a particular MIME object type. pine's message composer does not have multimedia capability itself, but any type of data file (including multimedia) can be attached to a text message and sent using MIME's encoding rules. This allows any group of individuals with MIME-capable mail software to exchange formatted documents, spread-sheets, image files, etc, via Internet email.

pine uses the "c-client" messaging API to access local and remote mail folders. This library provides a variety of low-level message-handling functions, including drivers for a variety of different mail file formats, as well as routines to access remote mail and news servers, using IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) and NNTP (Network News Transport Protocol). Outgoing mail is usually handed off to the sendmail program but it can optionally be posted directly via SMTP.

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pine [options] [address, address]

选件

address	发送邮件到地址。这将导致pine直接进入消息编辑器。
-attach file	发送带有列出的文件作为附件的邮件。
-attachlist file-list	发送带有列出的文件列表作为附件的邮件。
-attach_and_delete file	发送带有列出的文件作为附件的邮件，并在发送消息后删除该文件。
-aux local_directory	当使用远程配置（-p ）时，它将告诉pine用于存储辅助文件的本地目录，例如调试文件，地址簿和签名文件。
-bail	如果pinerc文件（pine的配置文件）不存在，则退出。如果使用某些远程文件系统协议访问配置文件，则此选项可能很有用。如果缺少远程安装，这将导致pine退出而不是创建新的pinerc。
-c context-number	上下文数目是对应于所述数目的文件夹收集到的-f 命令行参数应被应用。缺省情况下，-f参数应用于第一个定义的folder-collection。
-conf	在标准输出上生成系统范围的配置文件pine.conf的样本/新副本。此选项不同于每个用户的.pinerc文件。
-convert_sigs -p pinerc	将签名文件转换为文字签名。该pinerc是您的pine配置文件的位置。
-copy_abook <local_book> <remote_book>	将本地通讯簿文件复制到远程通讯簿文件夹。
-copy_pinerc <local_pinerc> <remote_pinerc>	将本地pinerc文件复制到远程pinerc文件夹。
-create_lu addrbook sort-order	创建辅助索引（查找）文件addrbook和排序addrbook的排序顺序，这可能是dont-sort，nickname，fullname，nickname-with-lists-last，还是fullname-with-lists-last。在创建全局或共享地址簿时很有用。以这种方式创建索引文件后，应以保留地址簿文件的修改时间（mtime）的方式移动或复制该文件。在建立索引文件时，地址簿文件的mtime存储在索引文件中，当有人运行pine时，将对存储的值和地址簿文件的当前mtime进行比较。。如果自创建索引文件以来mtime发生了变化，则pine将要重建索引文件。换句话说，不要使用此选项构建索引文件，然后以更改文件的mtime的方式将通讯簿复制到其最终目标。
-d debug-level	在输出诊断信息调试级（从数0 - 9到电流）.pine-debug[ 1 - 4 ]文件。值为0将关闭调试，并禁止显示.pine-debug文件。
-d key[ = val ]	微调诊断消息的输出，其中“flush”导致调试文件写入而无需缓冲，“timestamp”在每条消息后面附加时间戳，“ imap = n ”，其中n在0到4之间，代表无详细的IMAP遥测报告，“ numfiles = n “，其中n在0到31之间，对应于要维护的调试文件的数量，以及” verbose = n “，其中n在0到9之间指示消息输出的反阈值。
-f folder	打开文件夹（在第一个定义的文件夹集合中，使用-c n指定另一个集合）而不是INBOX。
-F file	打开命名的文本文件，然后使用pine的浏览器查看。
-h	显示有效的命令行选项列表。
-i	在“文件夹索引”屏幕中启动。
-I keystrokes	pine应该在启动时执行的初始（逗号分隔列表）击键。
-install	此选项使pine提示输入一些基本设置信息，然后退出。
-k	将功能键用于命令。此选项与运行命令“ pinef ”而不是运行“ pine ”相同。
-n number	从当前消息编号设置为number开始。
-o	打开第一个文件夹为只读。
-p config-file	使用config-file作为个人配置文件，而不是默认的.pinerc。
-P config-file	使用config-file作为配置文件，而不是默认的系统范围内的配置文件pine.conf。
-pinerc file	将新的pinerc配置输出到文件，保留用户所做的变量设置。使用设置为“ - ”的文件使输出进入标准输出。
-registry cmd	此选项影响pine的注册表项的值。cmd的可能值是set，clear和dump。该集将始终根据其当前设置重置pine的注册表项。clear将清除注册表值。clearsilent将静默清除注册表值。dump显示当前注册表设置的值。请注意，dump命令当前处于禁用状态。没有-registry选项，仅当当前未设置任何值时，pine才会将值写入注册表。
-r	使用受限/演示模式。pine只会向自己发送邮件，并且保存和导出之类的功能受到限制。
-sort order	按以下顺序之一对FOLDER INDEX显示进行排序：arrival，data，subject，orderedsubj，thread，from，size，score，to，cc或reverse。到达顺序是默认设置。该OrderedSubj选择模拟螺纹排序。通过添加/ reverse可以颠倒任何排序。反向本身与arrival/reverse相同。
-supported	某些选项可能不受支持，具体取决于pine的编译方式。此选项是确定所使用的特定pine副本中支持哪些选项的方法。
-url url	打开给定的URL。不能与-f或-F选项一起使用。
-v	打印版本信息。
-version	与-v相同。
-x config	在config中使用配置异常。异常用于覆盖特定平台的默认pinerc设置，可以是本地文件或远程文件夹。
-z	启用^ Z和SIGTSTP 信号，以便pine可能会挂起。
-option=vale	将值分配给config选项选项，例如，-signature-file = sig1或-feature-list = bottom-at-bottom（注意：功能列表值是可加的）

组态

pine配置有多个级别。给定级别的配置值将覆盖较低级别的相应值。为了提高优先级：

内置默认值。
系统范围内的pine.conf文件。
个人.pinerc文件（可以通过内置的Setup / Config菜单设置。）
命令行选项。
系统范围内的pine.conf.fixed文件。

在较高优先级文件中，配置值被相同选项的值替换的规则有一个例外：feature-list变量的值是可加的，但可以通过在值前面加“ no- ”来否定单个功能名称。Unix pine还使用以下环境变量：

TERM	当前端子规格。
DISPLAY	（确定pine是否可以显示IMAGE附件。）
SHELL	当前的外壳。（如果未设置，则默认值为/ bin / sh。）
MAILCAPS	（以分号分隔的mailcap文件的路径名列表）

档案

/ usr / spool / mail / xxxx	传入邮件的默认文件夹。
〜/mail	邮件文件夹的默认目录。
〜/.addressbook	默认地址簿文件。
〜/ .addressbook.lu	默认地址簿索引文件。
〜/ .pine-debug[ 1 - 4 ]	用于调试的诊断日志。
〜/ .pinerc	个人pine配置文件。
〜/ .newsrc	新闻订阅/状态文件。
〜/ .signature	默认签名文件。
〜/ .mailcap	个人邮件功能文件。
〜/ .mime.types	个人文件扩展名到MIME类型的映射。
/ etc / mailcap	系统范围的邮件功能文件。
/etc/mime.types	系统范围的文件分机。到MIME类型的映射。
/usr/local/lib/pine.info	指向系统管理员的本地指针。
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf	系统范围的配置文件。
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed	不可覆盖的配置文件。
〜/ .pine-interrupted-mail	消息已中断。
〜/ mail / postponed-msgs	对于延迟的邮件。
〜/mail/sent-mail	外发邮件存档（FCC）。
〜/mail/saved-messages	保存消息的默认目的地。

pine [options] [address, address]

Options

address	Send mail to address. This will cause pine to go directly into the message composer.
-attach file	Send mail with the listed file as an attachment.
-attachlist file-list	Send mail with the listed file-list as an attachments.
-attach_and_delete file	Send mail with the listed file as an attachment, and remove the file after the message is sent.
-aux local_directory	When using a remote configuration (-p ) this tells pine the local directory to use for storing auxiliary files, like debug files, address books, and signature files.
-bail	Exit if the pinerc file (pine's configuration file) does not exist. This option might be useful if the config file is accessed using some remote filesystem protocol. If the remote mount is missing this will cause pine to quit instead of creating a new pinerc.
-c context-number	context-number is the number corresponding to the folder-collection to which the -f command line argument should be applied. By default, the -f argument is applied to the first defined folder-collection.
-conf	Produce a sample/fresh copy of the system-wide configuration file, pine.conf, on the standard output. This option is distinct from the per-user .pinerc file.
-convert_sigs -p pinerc	Convert signature files into literal signatures. The pinerc is the location of your pine configuration file.
-copy_abook <local_book> <remote_book>	Copy the local address book file to a remote address book folder.
-copy_pinerc <local_pinerc> <remote_pinerc>	Copy the local pinerc file to a remote pinerc folder.
-create_lu addrbook sort-order	Creates auxiliary index (look-up) file for addrbook and sorts addrbook in sort-order, which may be dont-sort, nickname, fullname, nickname-with-lists-last, or fullname-with-lists-last. Useful when creating global or shared address books. After creating the index file in this way, the file should be moved or copied in a way which preserves the modification time (mtime) of the address book file. The mtime of the address book file at the time the index file was built is stored inside the index file and a comparison between that stored value and the current mtime of the address book file is done when somebody runs pine. If the mtime has changed since the index file was made, then pine will want to rebuild the index file. In other words, don't build the index file with this option and then copy the address book to its final destination in a way which changes the file's mtime.
-d debug-level	Output diagnostic info at debug-level (a number from 0-9) to the current .pine-debug[1-4] file. A value of 0 turns debugging off and suppresses the .pine-debug file.
-d key[=val]	Fine tuned output of diagnostic messages where "flush" causes debug file writing without buffering, "timestamp" appends each message with a timestamp, "imap=n" where n is between 0 and 4 representing none to verbose IMAP telemetry reporting, "numfiles=n" where n is between 0 and 31 corresponding to the number of debug files to maintain, and "verbose=n" where n is between 0 and 9 indicating an inverse threshold for message output.
-f folder	Open folder (in first defined folder collection, use -c n to specify another collection) instead of INBOX.
-F file	Open named text file and view with pine's browser.
-h	Display a list of valid command-line options.
-i	Start up in the FOLDER INDEX screen.
-I keystrokes	Initial (comma separated list of) keystrokes which pine should execute on startup.
-install	This option causes pine to prompt for some basic setup information, then exits.
-k	Use function keys for commands. This option is the same as running the command "pinef" instead of "pine".
-n number	Start up with current message-number set to number.
-o	Open first folder read-only.
-p config-file	Use config-file as the personal configuration file instead of the default .pinerc.
-P config-file	Use config-file as the configuration file instead of default system-wide configuration file pine.conf.
-pinerc file	Output fresh pinerc configuration to file, preserving the settings of variables that the user has made. Use file set to "-" to make output go to standard out.
-registry cmd	This option affects the values of pine's Registry entries. Possible values for cmd are set, clear, and dump. The set will always reset pine's Registry entries according to its current settings. clear will clear the Registry values. clearsilent will silently clear the Registry values. dump displays the values of current Registry settings. Note that the dump command is currently disabled. Without the -registry option, pine will write values into the Registry only if there currently aren't any values set.
-r	Use restricted/demo mode. pine will only send mail to itself and functions like save and export are restricted.
-sort order	Sort the FOLDER INDEX display in one of the following orders: arrival, date, subject, orderedsubj, thread, from, size, score, to, cc, or reverse. Arrival order is the default. The OrderedSubj choice simulates a threaded sort. Any sort may be reversed by adding /reverse to it. Reverse by itself is the same as arrival/reverse.
-supported	Some options may or may not be supported depending on how pine was compiled. This option is a way to determine which options are supported in the particular copy of pine you are using.
-url url	Open the given url. Cannot be used with -f or -F options.
-v	Print version information.
-version	Same as -v.
-x config	Use configuration exceptions in config. Exceptions are used to override your default pinerc settings for a particular platform, can be a local file or a remote folder.
-z	Enable ^Z and the SIGTSTP signal so pine may be suspended.
-option=value	Assign value to the config option option e.g., -signature-file=sig1 or -feature-list=signature-at-bottom (Note: feature-list values are additive)

Configuration

There are several levels of pine configuration. Configuration values at a given level over-ride corresponding values at lower levels. In order of increasing precedence:

built-in defaults
system-wide pine.conf file.
personal .pinerc file (may be set via built-in Setup/Config menu.)
command-line options.
system-wide pine.conf.fixed file.

There is one exception to the rule that configuration values are replaced by the value of the same option in a higher-precedence file: the feature-list variable has values that are additive, but can be negated by prepending "no-" in front of an individual feature name. Unix pine also uses the following environment variables:

TERM	Current terminal specification.
DISPLAY	(determines if pine can display IMAGE attachments.)
SHELL	The current shell. (if not set, default is /bin/sh.)
MAILCAPS	(semicolon-delimited list of path names to mailcap files)

Files

/usr/spool/mail/xxxx	Default folder for incoming mail.
~/mail	Default directory for mail folders.
~/.addressbook	Default address book file.
~/.addressbook.lu	Default address book index file.
~/.pine-debug[1-4]	Diagnostic log for debugging.
~/.pinerc	Personal pine config file.
~/.newsrc	News subscription/state file.
~/.signature	Default signature file.
~/.mailcap	Personal mail capabilities file.
~/.mime.types	Personal file extension to MIME type mapping.
/etc/mailcap	System-wide mail capabilities file.
/etc/mime.types	System-wide file ext. to MIME type mapping.
/usr/local/lib/pine.info	Local pointer to system administrator.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf	System-wide configuration file.
/usr/local/lib/pine.conf.fixed	Non-overridable configuration file.
~/.pine-interrupted-mail	Message which was interrupted.
~/mail/postponed-msgs	For postponed messages.
~/mail/sent-mail	Outgoing message archive (FCC).
~/mail/saved-messages	Default destination for Saving messages.

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pine

发送pine。

pine address@ example.com

启动pine，然后立即开始编写一封地址为address@example.com的电子邮件。

pine

Launch pine.

pine address@example.com

Launch pine, and immediately begin composing an email addressed to address@example.com.

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pine

pine 运行系统环境

pine 描述

pine 语法

pine 例子